European steel companies are endeavoring to switch to direct reduction plants and will do so in the coming years, although primary steel production in Europe is currently still conducted exclusively in integrated steelworks. The ferriferous feed material is mainly produced in sinter plants for the blast furnace, with waste gas recirculation representing the current state of the art. For...
Electric steelmaking route is considered pivotal for the transition towards C-lean processes: it is expected that the share towards scrap-based electric route will increase in future and that the Electric Arc Furnace will be at the basis of novel routes exploiting direct reduction processes. Scrap-based steelmaking is already well integrated in a circular economy concept, as it exploits a...
Tata Steel is committed to reduce CO2 emissions in their steelmaking facilities. Tallman Technologies have developed a blowing technology to increase the Post Combustion Ratio (PCR) and the Heat Transfer Efficiency (HTE) in the BOF resulting in the ability to increase the scrap to hot metal ratio. Other than the reduction in CO2 due to the reduction in hot metal, other potential benefits...
The Paris Climate Agreement and the European Green Deal are two of various agreements and climate plans that all aim to reduce global greenhouse gas emissions. With around 7% of total emissions from the energy sector, the steel industry plays a decisive role in the realisation of global climate targets. Reducing CO2 emissions is possible through innovation and the development of new...
The iron and steel industry is accountable for 7.2% of the total GHG emissions with a dominant BF-BOF route still covering today 70% of the total pig iron world production. Therefore, any quick solution to reduce the carbon footprint of this steelmaking route avoiding high investment costs is welcome.
The increase of the scrap ratio fed into the BOF vessel is one of such solution because the...
The green transition of the iron and steel industry is well underway, with new production routes—such as the use of Electric Arc Furnaces (EAF)—being implemented in numerous plants. This transition is also bringing new requirements for the existing oxygen steelmaking route – this route needs to focus in future even more on high quality steel and a further push to increase the scrap rate will...
European steel companies are endeavouring to switch to the use of directly reduced ores for steel production. Therefore, in future the transport of iron pellets directly reduced with hydrogen by rail to various melting works will play an increasingly important role. Along with this change, the quality parameter of the metallization of the material is essential for further processing. In the...
ArcelorMittal Dunkerque is experimenting a new BOF oxygen lance equipped with secondary holes located above the lance tip and fed by a dedicated oxygen circuit. The aim is to promote post-combustion, developing additional energy inside the BOF, transferring it to the bath, fostering scrap melting and thus decreasing Hot Metal Ratio and thus global CO2 emissions.
A first step of this study was...
Amid growing economic and ecological challenges within the ironmaking industry, there is a clear need to transition towards cleaner production methods. One approach is the partial replacement of costly coking coal—a critical raw material in coke production—with non-recyclable waste plastics recovered from solid waste sources—materials that would otherwise be landfilled or incinerated. In this...
An urgent challenge for the iron and steel industry is to reduce its CO2 emissions, which can be achieved through enhancing the energy efficiency and by reducing the consumption of fossil fuels. Slag foaming is an important operation in the electric arc furnace (EAF) process which enhances energy efficiency and promotes more effective refining of the liquid steel. Conventional slag foaming is...
The Electric Arc Furnace (EAF) significantly reduces carbon emissions in steel production by utilizing electricity instead of traditional fuels, especially when powered by renewable energy sources. This reduction is further enhanced through the adoption of green hydrogen technology, which replaces carbon-based reduction processes with hydrogen, resulting in an almost carbon emission-free...
The supply of green H2 as a reducing agent, as well as electricity from renewable energy sources, is essential for transforming the steel industry towards greener production, making the efficient use of H2 and electricity crucial. The impact of gangue on the H2-based direct reduction (DR) process of iron ore remains less well-understood, yet it is important for optimizing the efficiency of the...
Hydrogen-rich ironmaking technology offers rapid reaction rates and substantial emission reductions, with the optimal hydrogen enrichment ratio being crucial for the reduction rate and degree of hematite. This study employed a thermogravimetric analyzer to explore the reduction characteristics and kinetic parameters of hematite particles in a hydrogen-rich environment across 650-900 °C. The...
