The transformation toward sustainable green production is focusing on hydrogen technologies and recycling of scrap.
The constraints of resources availability are known (green H2/electricity, high grade DRI, scrap volume and quality).
Therefore, the BOF process solution will remain for the next 25 years the prominent technology:
• Economic aspects on increasing P levels will...
Fluorspar (CaF2) is an industrial mineral which has been categorized as a critical raw material by the European Union. Fluorspar is commonly added in steelmaking processes (e.g. EAF, AOD, ladle..etc.) to lower the melting point of slags to promote the development of a liquid, fluid slag. This promotes more thorough reaction between the liquid slag and the steel, which enables lower impurity...
The transition to green steel production presents significant challenges, particularly in the context of low nitrogen, low sulfur and ultra-low carbon (ULC) steelmaking. This paper explores the role of RH degassers in addressing these challenges, with a focus on reducing nitrogen and sulfur levels. The use of raw materials already present in the Electric Arc Furnace (EAF) and alternative...
The background of this study is the expected increase in slag oxidation caused by the expansion of low HMR operation in the process of applying low-carbon steelmaking.
Ultra-low carbon steel is particularly used in products that require excellent formability, such as automotive exterior panels.
Ultra-low carbon steel is typically alloyed with Ti to form Ti(C,N). Therefore, the mechanism of...
During the past few years remarkable changes have occurred in the field of steelmaking, especially in ladle metallurgy. As a result, steelmakers are able to meet customers’ demands for higher quality with new process steps, mainly based on the electric arc furnace process. Nitrogen control, including different nitrogen removal techniques during degassing, is explained in detail in the article,...
Situation:
Today, established mini mill concepts applying scrap based EAF technologies are not viable, in serving the market for advanced high end grades like automotive sheets for exposed surface applications, tin plate or electrical grades. In BOF shops, with scrap rates of around 25%, scrap quality control is also if highest importance, especially when economics of steelmaking is improved...
Reducing carbon emissions in the steel production process poses a significant challenge to the steel industry. Increasing the scrap ratio in converters and adopting the electric arc furnace (EAF) short-route steelmaking are recognized as viable solutions and emerging trends to address this issue. However, effective control of nitrogen content in molten steel resulting from these practices...
The steel industry is at a critical turning point, driven by the urgent need to lower CO₂ emissions. The transformation includes the development and implementation of novel processes as well as a higher recycling rate to produce iron and steel efficiently and sustainably. However, the high demand for steel quality cannot be disregarded. One major point within this topic is steel cleanness,...
To investigate the impact of combined blowing parameters on mixing behavior and dephosphorization efficiency in a dephosphorization converter, laboratory water model experiments were conducted on a 300t duplex dephosphorization converter based on similarity principles. The study examined 21 different configurations of bottom-blowing elements (varying in quantity and arrangement patterns),...
