Cryogenic treatment is widely utilized for tool as well as die steels in order to enhance their performance. AISI H13 die steel is widely used in forging industries wherein fatigue loading conditions are frequently encountered leading to failure of the forging dies. This work involves heating AISI H13 specimens to 1020⁰C for 20 minutes thereafter quenching in oil followed by double tempering...
Fatigue resistance is an essential property to consider in the design of a plastic injection mould. During plastic injection, certain parts of the mould can reach temperatures between 100 and 300°C and be subjected to high pressures of around 300 – 600 bar during holding. Therefore, moulds must withstand a large number of injection cycles, from thousands to millions, depending on the required...
The requirements for tool steels have increased in recent years. For example, the trend in the automotive industry towards stronger sheet metal for the automotive industry is leading to higher tool loads in cold work applications, such as fine blanking, punching, and cold forming. A comprehensive understanding of the properties of these steels is therefore essential for the development of such...
This study focuses on a high-nitrogen martensitic tool steel, known for its excellent corrosion resistance, very high wear resistance, high compressive strength, and good hardening properties. Due to the presence of high nitrogen and other alloying elements, producing this alloy using conventional processes is challenging. As a result, it is manufactured using powder metallurgy (PM) and hot...
The martensitic tool steel family is tailored for different specific working environments, ranging from cold work to hot work applications demonstrating high hardness, toughness and wear resistance. Nowadays, their microstructure is continuously upgraded by either composition developments or processing techniques. Both ways introduce new types of defects making the investigation of their...
For most metalworking tools, cutting-edge loads fluctuate at high levels during the industrial application, leading to material fatigue and tool failure. Usually, fatigue crack propagation is observed on cracks emanating from large, through-specimen-width notches that average a large number of microstructural features along the crack front, which does not represent reality. To address the...
Wear-resistant tool steels with high carbide contents are essential to optimize performance and lifetimes of cutting, stamping and extrusion tools used for industrial massive cold forming applications. Tool service life is primarily constrained by wear resistance and fatigue strength. However, the complex connection between the steel manufacturing process and the fatigue strength has not yet...
Additive Manufacturing (AM) offers numerous possibilities for toolmaking, such as the integration of internal cooling structures, easy fabrication of complex tool geometries or hybrid manufacturing. Another important aspect is the minimization of necessary post-processing steps through near-net-shape manufacturing, which enables considerable cost and effort savings, especially for...
Designing cold-work tools against fatigue fracture under uniaxial and multiaxial cyclic loading is of great economic relevance for industry to increase the productivity in metal cold forming processes. To implement more resource-efficient and low-emission production chains, minimizing retooling times, increasing tool service lifes and produced quantities per tool is of particular interest to...
